Healthy Cell Proliferation

Cell type suitability indicates whether this reagent labels live cells exclusively or whether it can also label the dead cells in a live cell culture or cells that have been previously fixed with buffers like paraformaldehyde or methanol.

Healthy cell proliferation.

Red and white blood cell production is regulated with great precision in healthy humans and the production of leukocytes is rapidly increased during infection. Viability is a measure of the number of living cells in a population whereas proliferation is a measure of cell division. Cell proliferation refers to an increase in cell number due to cell division cytokinesis which occurs as the final step of the cell cycle. Cell proliferation is the biological process of cells increasing in number over time through cell division mitosis in eukaryotic cells.

Aberrations in cell proliferation however can give rise to malignant transformation and cancer pathology. Healthy human cells usually produce arginine via arginosuccinase synthase but in tumor cells due to the lack of these enzymes it becomes auxotrophic for arginine to survive and proliferate. Assays for cell proliferation may monitor the number of cells over time the number of cellular divisions metabolic activity or dna synthesis. Cell proliferation assays are a cornerstone of stem cell and cancer cell pathway analysis and drug testing for efficacy and safety.

Cells in culture are only a model system and are different than cells in their normal in vivo environment. Cells communicate with other cells through chemical signals. These signals help normal cells to know when to reproduce and when to stop reproducing. Except for sex cells all cells of the body reproduce by mitosis.

Although proliferation can readily be interpreted as viability absence of proliferation should not automatically be taken as a sign of cell death. The proliferation and self renewal of these cells depend on growth factors. Cell counting using viability dyes such as trypan blue or calcein am can provide both the rate of proliferation as well as the percentage of viable cells. In addition to proliferation or cytotoxicity apoptosis necrosis and cytostatic responses can all be evaluated using cell health assays.

Proliferation is an essential mechanism for normal tissue development regeneration and renewal. Cell health below is a table to aid in reagent choice for cell health and proliferation labeling applications. Normal cells reproduce properly. Thus arginine offers a potential targeting therapy by limiting its level in tumor cells.

Sex cells reproduce through a process called meiosis. Healthy cells actively proliferate whereas growth arrested senescent and dead or dying cells do not. 3d cell cultures more closely mimic in vivo conditions but can present challenges for experimental design.